Healthy eating basics (2024)

Eating a healthy, balanced diet is one of the most important things you can do to protect your health. In fact, up to 80% of premature heart disease and stroke can be prevented through your life choices and habits, such as eating a healthy diet and being physically active.

A healthy diet can help lower your risk of heart disease and stroke by:

• improving your cholesterol levels
• reducing your blood pressure
• helping you manage your body weight
• controlling your blood sugar.

What does a healthy, balanced diet look like?

Canada’s Food Guide recommends eating a variety of healthy foods each day. This includes eating plant-based foods more often and choosing highly-processed or ultra-processed foods less often.

A healthy diet includes:

1. Eating lots of vegetables and fruit

• This is one of the most important diet habits. Vegetables and fruitare packed with nutrients (antioxidants, vitamins, minerals and fibre) and help you maintain a healthy weight by keeping you full longer.
• Fill half your plate withvegetables and fruit at every meal and snack.

2. Choosing whole grain foods

• Whole grain foods include whole grain bread and crackers, brown or wild rice, quinoa, oatmeal and hulled barley. They are prepared using the entire grain. Whole grain foods have fibre, protein and B vitamins to help you stay healthy and full longer.
• Choose whole grain options instead of processed or refined grains like white bread and pasta.
• Fill a quarter of your plate with whole grain foods.

3. Eating protein foods

• Protein foodsinclude legumes, nuts, seeds, tofu, fortified soy beverage, fish, shellfish, eggs, poultry, lean red meats including wild game, lower fat milk, lower fat yogurts, lower fat kefir and cheeses lower in fat and sodium.
• Protein helps build and maintain bones, muscles and skin.
• Eat protein every day.
• Try to eat at least two servings of fish each week, and choose plant-based foods more often.
• Dairy products are a great source of protein. Choose lower fat, unflavoured options.
• Fill a quarter of your plate with protein foods.

4. Limiting highly and ultra-processed foods

• Highly processed foods — often called ultra-processed— are foods that are changed from their original food source and have many added ingredients. During processing, often important nutrients such as vitamins, minerals and fiber are removed while saltand sugarare added. Examples of processed food include: fast foods, hot dogs, chips, cookies, frozen pizzas, deli meats, white rice and white bread.
• Some minimally processed foods are okay. These are foods that are slightly changed in some way but contain few industrially made additives. Minimally processed foods keep almost all of their essential nutrients. Some examples are: bagged salad, frozen vegetables and fruit, eggs, milk, cheese, flour, brown rice, oiland dried herbs. We are not referring to these minimally processed foods when we are advising you not to eat processed foods.
• Heart & Stroke funded research found that ultra-processed foods make up almost half of Canadians' diets. Read more about it here.

5. Making water your drink of choice

• Water supports health and promotes hydration without adding calories to the diet.
• Sugary drinks including energy drinks, fruit drinks, 100% fruit juice, soft drinks and flavored coffees have lots of sugar and little to no nutritional value. It is easy to drink empty calories without realizing, and this leads to weight gain.
• Avoid fruit juice, even when it is 100% fruit juice. Although fruit juice has some of the benefits of the fruit (vitamins, minerals), it has more sugar than the fruit and less fiber. Fruit juice should not be consumed as alternative to fruits. Canadians should eat their fruits, not drink them.
• When safe drinking water is not available, quench your thirst with coffee, tea, unsweetened lower-fat milk, and previously boiled water.

Top 5 tips from the experts

1. Prepare most of your meals at home using whole or minimally processed foods. Choose from a variety of different proteins to keep things interesting. Using catchy names for each day can help you plan. Try “Meatless Monday” with this meatless recipe.
2. Make an eating plan each week – this is the key to fast, easy meal preparation. Check out our shopping tipshere.
3. Choose recipes with plenty of vegetables and fruit. Your goal is to fill half your plate with vegetables and fruit at every meal. Choose brightly coloured fruits and vegetables each day, especially orange and dark green vegetables (click here for more information). Frozen or canned unsweetened fruits and vegetables are a perfect alternative to fresh produce. Try this recipe.
4. Avoid sugary drinks and instead drink water. Lower-fat, unsweetened milk is also a good way to stay hydrated. Keep a reusable water bottle in your purse or car so you can fill up wherever you are going.
5. Eat smaller meals more often. Eat at least three meals a day with snacks in between. When you wait too long to eat you are more likely to make unhealthy food choices. Keep easy-to-eat snacks (like this) in your purse or bag for emergencies.

Related information

Are you a healthy eater? Take the Healthy eating check-up (PDF) to find out.

Do you want to change your eating habits? Take control.

Make a plan for healthy changes.

Plan healthy meals ahead of time using our healthy meal planning toolkit.

Listen to Dr. Carol Greenwood talk about foods to eat for brain health.

Learn about women’s unique risk factors.